Closed ecological system — Biosphere 2 Closed ecological systems (CES) are ecosystems that do not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. The term is most often used to describe small manmade ecosystems. Such systems are scientifically interesting and can … Wikipedia
closed-cycle system — an aquaculture unit where the water is treated and re used rather than being replaced with fresh water … Dictionary of ichthyology
closed containment system — an aquaculture facility on land or in the sea in which water is re used, has a processing system for wastes, and escapes of farmed fish are impossible … Dictionary of ichthyology
Closed loop — may refer to: A feedback loop, often found in: Control theory#Closed loop transfer function, where a closed loop controller may be used Electronic feedback loops in electronic circuits PID controller, a commonly used closed loop controller Closed … Wikipedia
Water heating — is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, both hot water and water heated to steam have… … Wikipedia
Water hammer — (or, more generally, fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave resulting when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (Momentum Change). Water hammer commonly occurs when a valve is closed suddenly at an end of a pipeline … Wikipedia
System — (from Latin systēma , in turn from Greek polytonic|σύστημα systēma) is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole. The concept of an integrated whole can also be stated in terms of a system… … Wikipedia
Water activity — or aw is a measurement of the energy status of the water in a system. It is defined as the vapor pressure of water above a sample divided by that of pure water at the same temperature; therefore, pure distilled water has a water activity of… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Iran — has witnessed some important improvements, especially in terms of increased access to urban water supply, while important challenges remain, particularly concerning sanitation and service provision in rural areas.Institutionally, the Ministry of… … Wikipedia
Water Resistant mark — Water Resistant is a common mark stamped on the back of wrist watches to indicate how well a watch is sealed against ingress of water. It is usually accompanied by an indication of the static test pressure that a sample of newly manufactured… … Wikipedia
water-vascular system — [wôt′ərvas′kyə lər] n. in echinoderms, a system of closed tubes and ducts filled with sea water containing some protein, and functioning variously, as in locomotion, food gathering, clinging, and respiration … English World dictionary